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Academic Articles—Critical but Substantive
Science thrives on open discourse, skepticism, and a willingness to reexamine even established assumptions. The articles compiled here challenge widely accepted explanations, shed light on connections that have received little attention to date, and present alternative perspectives for discussion. They are based on clear physical reasoning, scientific sources, and verifiable data—because well-founded criticism requires substance.
Links to the original articles—please use a translation tool if necessary!
Martin Bülow
The Role of Forests.... Excerpt: These changes are caused and described by the Earth’s energy balance—that is, the interactions between solar radiation and the Earth’s surface, including land (i.e., soil, wetlands, and forests) and oceans. These include the absorption of thermal radiation by the atmosphere, global wind systems and ocean currents that distribute heat across the Earth, as well as the effects of snow and ice, which strongly reflect sunlight, and vegetation cover, which sequesters greenhouse gases and regulates the water cycle.2 MB
Helmut Ullmann | Martin Bülow
On the Physical Chemistry of the Greenhouse Effect—A Contribution to the Discussion
Physical Chemistry of the Greenhouse EffectKey findings of climate research on the anthropogenic greenhouse effect are critically examined. This specifically concerns the correlation between increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the Earth’s atmosphere and global temperature. The exchange of CO₂ between the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the oceans is examined. The energy balances of solar radiation, heat in the atmosphere, and human energy production are evaluated. The official debate also addresses connections between climate history and modern climate research, as well as the environmental impacts of climate protection measures. 419 KB
Helmut Ullmann | Martin Bülow
On the Role of Trace Gases in the Earth's Radiative Budget – A Thermodynamic Analysis
Leibniz Online, Nr. 53 (2024)The role of trace gases in heat storage in the atmosphere and in the exchange of energy between the atmosphere and space is discussed. The molar heat capacities of the greenhouse gases water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane are only slightly higher than those of nitrogen and oxygen. The contribution of the trace gases carbon dioxide and methane to heat storage is negligible. Water vapor, with its higher concentration and higher conversion energies, contributes significantly to heat storage in the atmosphere. Most of the heat in the Earth’s greenhouse is stored in nitrogen and oxygen, the main components of the atmosphere. 363 KB
Keith Johnson
Smoke in your Eyes: Investigating the Effects of Wind Power on Weather Trends and Climate using Time Series Analysis
„Smoke in Your Eyes“ – Untersuchung der Auswirkungen der Windenergie auf Wettertrends und das Klima mithilfe von ZeitreihenanalysenTime series analysis developed in the previous report for UK mean summer temperature has been applied to further examples of weather trends, including temperature, rainfall and Sahara dust, and so at global, regional, national and local levels, in an attempt to assess whether wind power is having a deleterious effect on weather patterns. The analysis involves detrending weather data by calculating first differences and then computing the cross-correlation function, or CCF with wind power capacity. The calculations are benchmarked using atmospheric CO2 concentration. 1 MB
